Focal Pointe Observatory
Astrophotography by Bob Franke

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M77

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Click the image for an uncropped  ~ 75% size view. (2700 x 1800 - 1.25 MB)

Instrument

12.5" RCOS @ ~ f/9 (2880 mm fl) at 0.64 arcsec/pixel. Shown at 0.87 and 1.85 arcsec/pixel.

Mount

Paramount ME

Camera

SBIG STL-11000 w/ FW8 filter wheel, AstroDon Gen-2 filters.

Acquisition Data

11/8/2015 to 12/16/2015 Chino Valley, AZ.  with CCD Commander & CCDSoft.  AOL guided

Exposure

Lum

240 min (16 x 15 min) Bin 1x1

RGB

405 min ( 9 x 15 min. each channel) Bin 2x2

eXcalibrator RGB ratios are 1.00, 1.00 & 1.05

Software & Processing Notes

  • CCDSoft, CCDStack, PixInsight, Photoshop CS6.

  • eXcalibrator v4.36 for (g:r) color balancing, using 38 stars from the SDSS-DR7 database.

  • CCDBand-Aid to repair KAI-11000M vertical bars.

  • CCDStack to calibrate all sub exposures and create the RGB image.

  • PixInsight to register, normalize, data reject, combine the luminance sub exposures, gradient removal, non-linear stretching with HistogramTransformation, core detail enhancement with HDRMultiscaleTransform and to create the LRGB image.

  • PhotoShop for the final touch-up.

  • Noiseware 5, a PhotoShop plug-in.

Comment

The galaxy is shown is rotated 35° counter-clockwise.

M77, also cataloged as NGC 1068, is a face-on barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus, at a distance of about 47 million light-years. Pierre Méchain discovered the galaxy in 1780.